Our research
We prepare evidence-based research outputs, ranging from policy briefing notes and reports, through to technical reports and academic manuscripts.
AI economics
Rudd MA. In review. Measuring AI before its effects arrive: adaptation demand and the economic impact chain. Available as SSRN preprint: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7206659.
Bitcoin mining
Rudd MA, Jones M, Sechrest D, Batten D, Porter D, 2024. An integrated landfill-gas-to-energy and Bitcoin mining framework. Journal of Cleaner Production 472: 143516. Python code to reproduce model and article figures is available at GitHub.
Rudd MA, Porter D (2024). Economic integration of Bitcoin mining in renewable energy and grid management. Available as SSRN preprint: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4899244
Rudd MA, Bratcher L, Collins S, Branscum D, Carson M, Connell S, David E, Gronowska M, Hess S, Mitchell A, Prusak M, Schneps K, Serezhin M, Wolfe SA, Porter D. 2023. Bitcoin and its energy, environmental, and social impacts: an assessment of key research needs in the mining sector. Challenges 14: 47.
Carter N, Connell S, Jones B, Porter D, Rudd MA (2023). Leveraging Bitcoin miners as flexible load resources for power system stability and efficiency. SSRN preprint available at: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4634256
Bitcoin supply- and demand-based price modeling
Rudd MA, Porter D. 2025b. Bitcoin supply, demand, and price dynamics. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 18: 570. Python code to replicate results and figures is available on GitHub: https://github.com/murrayrudd/bitcoin-supply-demand. A backgrounder is available in the blog post below:
Murray Rudd
Explore Bitcoin supply-demand price modeling on your own computer
Rudd MA, Porter D. 2025a. A supply and demand framework for Bitcoin price forecasting. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 18: 66.
Horizon scanning
Brooks BW, Ankley GT Boxall ABA, Rudd MA. In press. Horizon scanning in environmental science, engineering, and health. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.
Rudd MA (2026). Bitcoin research priorities in 2025: beyond first-order effects. Available as SSRN preprint: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6032217
Murray Rudd
Download a Claude skill for creating your own podcast summaries - this was used in our horizon scanning research
Rudd MA. A Bitcoin Research Agenda: 100 Critical Information Gaps for Policy and Practice, 2024 edition. Draft monograph available as SSRN preprint: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5359261
Rudd MA. Identification of important 2024 Bitcoin research needs using an AI-assisted key questions approach. Available as SSRN preprint: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5146515
Rudd MA (2024). 40 questions for shaping a policy-salient Bitcoin research agenda. Available as SSRN preprint: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4821335
Rudd, MA. 2023. 100 important questions about Bitcoin's energy use and ESG impacts. Challenges 14: 1.
Rudd MA (2023). AI-assisted identification of policy-salient research priorities and emerging issues. Available as SSRN preprint: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4502450
Burtt, JJ, Leblanc J, Randhawa K, Ivanova A, Rudd MA, et al. 2022. Radiation Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) are on the horizon: advancing radiation protection through an international horizon-style exercise. International Journal of Radiation Biology 98: 1763–1776. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.09552022.02121439
Environmental economics
Rudd MA. In review. Keeping the future visible: institutional anchors and time preference in ecosystem service appraisal. Available as SSRN preprint: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6648500. Python code for reproducing results and figures available on GitHub: https://github.com/murrayrudd/anchor-framework-simulator
Rudd MA (2026). Calibrating recovery aspiration: a reverse-timeline framework for the economics of aquatic non-indigenous species control. Available as SSRN preprint: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6564163. jss online simulator is available on GitHub: https://github.com/murrayrudd/nis-framework
Policy reports
Rudd MA, Peterson E, Porter D (2025). Strategic portfolio allocations for financial resilience: a counterfactual analysis of Bitcoin and gold in US state Rainy Day Funds. Available as SSRN preprint: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5104576
Rudd MA, Farrington A, New F, Porter D (2024). Challenging Bias in the ECB’s Bitcoin Analysis: a critique of: U Bindseil U and J Schaaf (2024), The distributional consequences of Bitcoin. Download link for pdf:
Other Bitcoin articles & working papers
Rudd, MA. 2023. Bitcoin is full of surprises. Challenges 14: 27.
Rudd MA (2023). An emerging and urgent need for transdisciplinary research on Bitcoin. Available as SSRN preprint: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4510758